| 1) The earth and solar system are thought to have formed at different times. |
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| 2) Which of the following is probably not an event that occurred on earth between 4.6 and 4.0 billion years ago: |
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| 3) The age of the earth is currently thought to be: |
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| 4) Life is thought to have formed between 4.0 and 3.8 billion years ago. |
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| 5) Miller's experiments suggested that some of the building blocks of life: |
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| 6) Some of the building blocks of life may have been brought to earth by comets. |
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| 7) Which of the following events was probably of prime importance in the origin of life: |
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| 8) The oldest known fossils are found in: |
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| 9) Mound-like structures build by trapping sediment in bacterial mats are called: |
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| 10) Archean microfossils are most commonly preserved in what type of rock: |
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| 11) Banded-iron formations are thought to result from: |
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| 12) Bacterial photosynthesis was important in the Archean because: |
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| 13) Why do we think that life was only established once on the earth? |
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| 14) Eukaryotes probably evolved before 2.5 billion years ago because O2 is not used in eukaryote biochemistry, |
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| 15) Which of the following is not a difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cells: |
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| 16) The evolution of the eukaroyte cells from prokaryote cells: |
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| 17) Mitochondria are important for: |
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| 18) Mitochodria and chloroplasts have several traits similar to bacteria, suggesting that these organelles evolved from bacteria. |
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| 19) Recent discoveries in China indicate that the presence of which metazoan group at 570 million years ago? |
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| 20) The Cambrian explosion refers to a 40 million year period when most of the metazoan phyla appear. |
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| 21) Which of the following is an important Precambrian soft-bodied fossil locality: |
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 © University of Adelaide, used with permission of Tate Geological Museum |
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| 22) The organism pictured above is a member of the Burgess Shale fauna. |
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| 23) The organism pictured above is: |
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| 24) Excepting possible sponge spicules in the late Precambrian, the first fossils with hard parts appear in the: |
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 From: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/paleo/pfoslidx.htm |
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| 25) The organism pictured above is: |
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| 26) The organism pictured above is most closely related to which metazoan group: |
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| 27) Which of the following has not been postulated as a cause for the Cambrian explosion |
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| 28) Which of the following phyla did not first appear during the Cambrian explosion |
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| 29) Which of the following organisms was the dominant group in the Cambrian oceans |
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| 30) In the marine biosphere, the Cambrian fauna was displaced in the Ordovician by the Paleozoic fauna consisting of: |
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| 31) The number of families in the marine biosphere decreased from 400 in the Cambrian to about 200 in the Ordovician and Silurian. |
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| 32) The addition of zooplankton and benthic predators to the early Paleozoic trophic structure did not help increase diversity. |
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| 33) In the Devonian, fishes radiated into which three groups? |
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| 34) The ostracoderms were the dominant fish group in the Devonian. |
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| 35) The late Devonian rhipidistians are a group of: |
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| 36) Which group replaced the early Paleozoic nautiloids as an important benthic predator |
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| 37) Which of the following probably lead to the invasion of land by plants |
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| 38) Which of the following probably did not result from the invasion of land by plants: |
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| 39) Arthropods where preadapted for the invasion of land because: |
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| 40) To successfully invade land plants and animals had to overcome problems unique to land, including: |
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| 41) Xylem is the conductive tissue that allows plants to transmit food from the leaves to the roots. |
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| 42) What was the reproductive structure that allowed vertebrates to move away from an aquatic existence: |
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| 43) The Carboniferous Period is named for the extensive coal deposits produced by land plants. |
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| 44) The pelycosaurs Dimetrodon and Edaphosaurus had sails on their backs that were probably used to: |
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| 45) Therapsids, the synapsid group that dominated the late Permian, are important in the history of life because: |
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| 46) Therapsids' ability to live at high latitudes indicates that they probably did not have internal thermoregulation. |
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| 47) Many of the groups that dominated Paleozoic marine fauna did not survive the Permo-Triassic extinctions. |
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| 48) The mass extinctions at the end of the Paleozoic were probably caused by |
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| 49) Land faunas suffered more than marine faunas in the Permo-Triassic extinctions. |
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| 50) Jurassic sauropods probably attained their immense size in order to: |
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